effects of homogenization pressure and sequence on textural and microstructural properties of milk-based creamy dessert

effects of homogenization sequence (before or after heating) and homogenization pressure (0, 50, or 150 bar) were studied on the certain textural properties of milk-based creamy dessert including hardness, surface tension and syneresis. also, the microstructure of the treatments was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (sem). homogenization at 50 bar after heating led to the highest hardness, whilst unhomogenized and homogenized treatments at 150 bar before heating resulted in the lowest hardness.  using pressure of 50 and 150 bar after heating led to the highest and lowest surface tension, respectively. while the highest syneresis was observed when unhomogenized treatment applied, the lowest syneresis was obtained using primarily the treatments with homogenization after heating and then the treatments with homogenization before heating. finally, good correlation was observed between the textural and rheological results and the micrographs of microstructure obtained from sem method